This study attempts to integrate project-based learning (PBL) into a children’s programming learning activity and to investigate its effort on improving the students’ computational thinking and self-efficacy of programming. The whole activity is divided into five stages, which 1) to decide the problem, 2) to explore a possible solution, 3) to collect relevant information, 4) to try to solve the problem, and 5) to present the results. 41 fifth and sixth graders at Liyang Foreign Language School in Jiangsu participated in this study. These participants were assigned to an experimental group with PBL and a control group without PBL to proceed programming learning activity. Learning performance, including computational thinking tests and self-efficacy of programming, was measured. © 2019, The Education University of Hong Kong. All rights reserved.
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