Search Results for
"education"

Recent research points to an association between participation in certain kinds of secondary vocational programs and the development of improved attitudes (e.g. toward self, school, work, and others). There is considerable disagreement, however, over the meaning of these findings. Supporters of vocational education suggest they reflect the capacity of vocational programs to enhance the work skills and opportunity of disadvantaged participants; critics, on the other hand argue they reveal the process by which vocational education actually inhibits the opportunity of such youth by fostering compliant work attitudes and an acceptance on their part of low status employment. The study here is an attempt to address this debate through ethnographic investigation. It suggests that while most of the students found their programs enjoyable and rewarding, this response was, generally, the product of a complex assemblage of personal, social, economic, family, and educational factors which worked against the goal of increasing the students' ooportunity. Although the vocational education experience was only one part of this network, it did tend to reinforce class-related inequalities. © 1990, Taylor and Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved.

This paper compares graduates of the formal vocational and technical education (VTE) system in Côte d'Ivoire with those of informal apprenticeships, in terms of access to jobs, earnings, and the internal rate of return to investment in education. The structure of the labor market is explicitly considered in the analysis and the selection process into each segment is modelled. It is found that formal and informal VTE are not substitutes but prepare people for different careers. Within the "optimal" career path, each type of VTE carries similar returns. Promotion of informal VTE could increase society's returns to educational expenditures and contribute to realizing the employment creation potential of the informal sector. © 1990.

"Vocations" are distinguished by specialized clusters of skills and to examine vocational education and training in a development context is to examine formation of progressively more refined mixes of skills. Of critical importance are diverse agencies and institutions in the formation of competencies that are not readily acquired in schools even where complementary with school learning. Predominantly this means attachment in learning to a producing individual or enterprise. "Attachment learning" ranges from the most familistic through various forms of apprenticeships to "firm-specific" and related human capital formation in large modern organizations. Common to all variants are arrangements (formal or informal) for the sharing of costs and returns to human investments. A major problem for LDCs lies in the limitations of social capital and skill base for the provision of such learning opportunities. This issue calls for intensive consideration in labor market and industrial policies. © 1990.

A nationally representative sample of youth with disabilities who recently exited high school was studied to determine the participation of the youth in postsecondary educational programs. The results show that youth with disabilities participate in postsecondary programs at only one-quarter the rate attained by their counterparts without disabilities and at only one-third the rate attained by economically disadvantaged youth. The relationship of postsecondary education for youth with disabilities to long-term success in employment is yet to be determined. © 1990, Council for Exceptional Children. All rights reserved.

[No abstract available]

[No abstract available]

ABSTRACT: Recent education reform proposals eventually will lead to lengthier professional preparation programs for school health educators. Many of the proposals are based on unwarranted assumptions and myths about teacher education as well as an idealized view of undergraduate liberal studies. In addition to using research findings to challenge these assumptions, trends in accreditation by the National Council on Accreditation of Teacher education and alternative certification are analyzed. One possible extended program model is subsequently offered. (J Sch Health. 1990;60(10):487–492) 1990 American School Health Association

A cross-sectional analysis was carried out to examine factors exercizing an effect on the sickness rate among trainees. The study comprised 389 boys and 217 girls in their first or second years of apprenticeship. The sickness rate was found to be lower among young people with a high level of motivation and achievement than among those achieving less well. An appropriate practical vocational training helps to decrease the number of apprentices absent due to illness.

A questionnaire was designed and distributed to students in 12 randomly selected physiotherapy schools. The questionnaire sought information on the students' evaluation of nursing experience. The majority of students were very satisfied both with the time spent on this placement and with the quality of experience gained, but felt an improvement could be made in the actual organisation of the placement. © 1990, The Chartered Society of Physiotherapy. All rights reserved.

A randomized controlled trial was performed to study the effect on various teaching techniques on students performing sacroiliac motion palpation tests. This trial assessed the interexaminer reliability of interns in their final year at a chiropractic college, and compared their results prior to and following 1 year of clinical experience. The study also compared the intra- and interexaminer reliability of experienced clinicians. The results were analyzed via the Kappa coefficient. Kappa values for interns ranged from 0.00 to 0.30, with no significant differences noted at the end of 1 year of clinical experience. The interexaminer reliability of experienced clinicians was 0.00 to 0.167, whereas their intraexaminer reliability ranged from 0.15 to 1.00. These results question the role of experience in improving clinical accuracy between examiners performing sacroiliac motion palpation. Results analyzed for intraexaminer agreement were moderate to almost perfect. We conclude that experience does not play a significant role in the diagnostic test analyzed, but rather that clinicians may establish their own criteria by which to determine the standards of a given test.