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Predictors and differences according to gender, religion and professional family of the socio-emotional profile of vocational training students: a structural equation model; Predictores y diferencias según género, religión y familia profesional del perfil socioemocional del alumnado de formación profesional: un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales

Article Open Access
Introduction. Vocational Training aims to improve students’ professional profiles through the development of professional, personal, and social skills. These are related to socio-emotional competence, which is the understanding and awareness of one’s own emotions. The objective of this study is to determine the relationship between resilience and basic competencies as predictors of socio-emotional competencies in vocational training students. Method. The sample consisted of 151 distance learning vocational training students. Two instruments were used for data collection: the University Students’ Basic learning Competencies Questionnaire and the Socio-Emotional Competencies Questionnaire. SPSS and AMOS 26.0 were used for data analysis. A descriptive analysis was performed to analyze the relationship between variables, and a structural equation model was developed to delve deeper into the causal relationships between variables. Results. The results show significant differences according to gender, professional background, and religion. Resilience and basic competencies are identified as predictors of students’ socioemotional profile. Discussion. Students with higher levels of resilience and basic competencies have a higher level of socioemotional development, highlighting the need to establish emotional development programs in these studies. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.
Introduction. Vocational Training aims to improve students’ professional profiles through the development of professional, personal, and social skills. These are related to socio-emotional competence, which is the understanding and awareness of one’s own emotions. The objective of this study is to d …

DEVELOPING INDUSTRY-RELEVANT SOFT SKILLS THROUGH PEER-ENGAGED PROJECT APPLICATION MODEL (PEPA): A VOCATIONAL EDUCATION PERSPECTIVE

Article Open Access
The development of soft skills remains a critical challenge in vocational education, as the curriculum often prioritises technical competencies while neglecting systematic integration of interpersonal skills. This study aims to develop and evaluate the Peer-Engaged Project Application Model (PePA), a project-based learning framework designed to enhance communication, teamwork, and problem-solving through structured peer engagement. Employing a Research and Development (R&D) approach based on the ADDIE model, the research was conducted in the D4 Mechanical Engineering Program at Yogyakarta State University. The PePA model was tested on a group of 15 students in the Fabrication Construction Practices course. Data were collected through Likert-scale questionnaires, structured observations, and semi-structured interviews, and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics, along with qualitative techniques. The implementation of PePA resulted in improved performance in soft skills, with average scores increasing from 3.03 to 3.65 (communication), 3.20 to 3.78 (teamwork), and 3.13 to 3.70 (problem-solving). The model was also rated as “very valid” by expert evaluators, with an average validation score ranging from 3.58 to 3.85. These findings suggest that PePA is a feasible and effective learning model for strengthening vocational students' soft skills in alignment with industry expectations. The model has potential applicability beyond engineering education and supports policy recommendations for integrating soft skills into vocational curricula. © 2025, Intellectual Research and Development Education Foundation (YRPI). All rights reserved.
The development of soft skills remains a critical challenge in vocational education, as the curriculum often prioritises technical competencies while neglecting systematic integration of interpersonal skills. This study aims to develop and evaluate the Peer-Engaged Project Application Model (PePA), …

Optimization Student learning Outcomes Through Hyflex learning Based on Student Engagement

Article Open Access
Student engagement is an important factor in determining learning outcomes, but in online learning in particular, many obstacles are still faced. On the other hand, studies on the implementation of effective online learning are still limited. This study presents an empirical synthesis of the relationship between student engagement and learning outcomes in HyFlex through a random effects meta-analysis supported by a student survey. The meta-analysis results estimated via OpenMEE show a positive and significant overall effect. There was very high heterogeneity between studies, but subgroup analysis by education level showed no significant differences. Diagnostic publication bias indicated asymmetry, but the large Rosenthal fail-safe N value, supported the stability of the findings. Survey data showed an average of 81% positive responses in synchronous and asynchronous modes, including active participation, material comprehension, frequent access to asynchronous material, and task completion support. Respondents also rated learning interaction, learning atmosphere, self-motivation, and self-discipline as the main factors driving engagement. Overall, these findings confirm that student engagement are key determinants of learning outcomes in HyFlex, and emphasize the need for HyFlex designs that emphasize meaningful interaction, accessible media, and self-regulation support. Further research is needed to test contextual moderators and clarify the conditions that most support the effectiveness of HyFlex learning.
Student engagement is an important factor in determining learning outcomes, but in online learning in particular, many obstacles are still faced. On the other hand, studies on the implementation of effective online

UTILIZING ICT-BASED learning RESOURCES TO ENHANCE CREATIVITY AND INNOVATION FOR PRE-SERVICE STUDENTS OF VOCATIONAL EDUCATION

Article Open Access
In today’s vocational education, preparing prospective vocational teachers requires developing innovative, creative thinking that strengthens pedagogical competence and classroom management. These abilities help address the complexity of modern vocational classes and support a positive, engaging learning environment. This study examines how prospective vocational teachers manage ICT-based learning resources to encourage creativity and innovation in their professional practice. A quantitative approach was applied with 178 participants, evenly assigned to a control group and an experimental group. The experimental group used ICT-based learning tools, including interactive multimedia and various digital technologies. Results showed that participants who effectively used ICT resources achieved higher levels of creative and innovative thinking. The experimental group’s N-Gain score reached 0.756, compared with only 0.049 in the control group. This significant difference strongly suggests that appropriate use and management of ICT learning resources can help future vocational teachers create more productive classroom conditions and strengthen their entrepreneurial abilities. The notable learning gains also demonstrate that ICT-based multimedia improves instructional effectiveness compared with traditional methods. Overall, the findings clearly highlight that future TVET educators who master digital learning resources will be better prepared for teaching demands and the challenges of contemporary TVET. © 2025, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague. All rights reserved.
In today’s vocational education, preparing prospective vocational teachers requires developing innovative, creative thinking that strengthens pedagogical competence and classroom management. These abilities help address the complexity of modern vocational classes and support a positive, engaging

AI-Augmented Skill Development Roadmaps: Tailoring 12-Month learning Paths for Future-Ready Careers in Education 4.0 and Industry 4.0

Conference paper
In fact, rapid convergence between Education 4.0 and Industry 4.0 demands adaptive learning models that would equip people with future-ready skills in the dynamically changing workforce. This work introduces AI-augmented skill development roadmaps, underlining how to design and implement personalized 12-month learning paths. The proposed framework is based on data-driven learner profiling, machine learning algorithms, and continuous adaptive assessments for optimization of building individual learning pathways toward emerging technology trends alignment. This review will be predicated on existing AI applications in competency development, identifying gaps in conventional models. It also involves the holistic roadmap structure: milestones, phases, and progression metrics. Case studies of real-world examples would then be delivered where AI-powered learning pathways have resulted in targeted competency development, employability, and lifelong learning. The key performance indicators will be defined to provide the effectiveness of the framework for scalability and adaptability. The findings bring to the fore that AI can cause a paradigm shift in skill gaps through enabling personalized learning at scale and furthering strategic goals related to Industry 4.0. This research makes a substantial contribution to the development of scalable education models for essential competencies that are part of the fast-evolving facets of digitalization. © 2024 IEEE.
In fact, rapid convergence between Education 4.0 and Industry 4.0 demands adaptive learning models that would equip people with future-ready skills in the dynamically changing workforce. This work introduces AI-augmented skill development roadmaps, underlining h …

Development of Training Kit for Off-Grid Solar Panel Installation for Project-Based learning to Improve learning Outcomes in Lembah Klang/Putrajaya Communities

Conference paper
Energy specialists in various nations, including Malaysia, are currently engaged in discussions around the subject of renewable energy. Nevertheless, Malaysia's capacity to harness renewable energy remains underutilized due to a deficiency of educational programs focusing on this domain in schools and universities. To address this issue, innovative and effective learning models are being developed to improve the knowledge, skills, and attitude of students specifically in Klang Valley communities and mainly in Putrajaya. It is important to note that following a procedure is essential to ensure user safety and maintain the integrity of the process. This paper presents the development of a comprehensive training kit designed to enhance project-based learning for off-grid solar panel installation. The training kit aims to bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical application by providing hands-on, interactive learning experience. It includes detailed instructional materials, interactive simulations, and real-world scenario exercises that guide learners through the entire installation process-from site assessment to system maintenance. The study utilizes a quasi-experimental design employing the One Group Pre-test and Post-test Design model, supported by Aiken's V index for hardware assessment and the Cronbach Alpha method for statistical validation involving 86 respondents. User feedback on the integration of the kit into learning, based on Cronbach Alpha and Aiken V averaging 76.8%, emphasizing its effectiveness and significance. During the trial phase, significant improvement was observed in learning outcomes, with 85.8% of participants demonstrating excellent competency. In conclusion, the training kit proves to be highly effective in teaching essential skills for solar panel installation, offering a hands-on approach that enhances practical understanding. © 2024 IEEE.
Energy specialists in various nations, including Malaysia, are currently engaged in discussions around the subject of renewable energy. Nevertheless, Malaysia's capacity to harness renewable energy remains underutilized due to a deficiency of educational programs focusing on this domain in schools a …

Satisfaction and perception of improvement among the graduates of the Mexican Dual Training Model; SATISFACCIÓN Y PERCEPCIÓN DE MEJORAS DE LAS Y LOS GRADUADOS DEL MODELO MEXICANO DE FORMACIÓN DUAL

Article
The Mexican Dual Training Model (in Spanish, Modelo Mexicano de Formación Dual, MMFD) combines education in schools with in-company training. This article investigates the level of satisfaction towards the company, school and the MMFD, as well as the perception of improvement in skills, competencies and knowledge among graduates of the Colegio Nacional de Educación Profesional Tecnológica- a MMFD-based higher education institution in the states of Mexico and Coahuila. The information was gathered by means of a survey in which the participants show high levels of satisfaction (on average 3.5 points on a scale of 1 to 4). However, satisfaction levels are consistently higher at the company than at school (on average .09 points); and also higher in Coahuila than in the State of Mexico (on average 0.7 points). Additionally, 60% of the participants notice that their work, interpersonal and decision-making skills improved a lot, while only 26% consider that their mathematical knowledge improved. © 2024 Consejo Mexicano de Investigacion Educativa. All rights reserved.
The Mexican Dual Training Model (in Spanish, Modelo Mexicano de Formación Dual, MMFD) combines education in schools with in-company training. This article investigates the level of satisfaction towards the company, school and the MMFD, as well as the perception of improvement in skills, competencies …

Game-Based learning Media with Problem-Based learning Model in Science: Effort to Enhance Critical Thinking Skills

Conference paper
Critical thinking skills are essential for students in the 21st century. Through this skill, a person can solve problems systematically to reach rational and logical conclusions. Critical thinking skills can be improved by using appropriate media and learning models in the classroom. This research focuses on the influence of using Game-Based learning (GBL) media taught using the Problem-Based learning (PBL) model on students' critical thinking skills in science learning with the topic of earth structure. This research is quantitative research using a pre-experimental design through a one-group pretest-posttest design. The sampling technique was carried out using cluster random sampling, and a research sample of 32-grade seventh students at SMP Negeri 1 Sampit was obtained in the even semester of the 2023/2024 academic year. Data collection techniques are carried out using tests. The data analysis technique used is a paired sample t-test. The research results show that science learning using GBL media with the PBL model can improve students' critical thinking skills with a two-sided p-significance value of <0.001 and a Cohen's d effect size of 0.972, included in the large category. All indicators of critical thinking skills have increased, with the highest increase occurring in the analyzing indicator and the lowest increase in the evaluating indicator. Based on these results, learning using GBL media and the PBL model can be a recommended science learning strategy. © 2024 IEEE.
Critical thinking skills are essential for students in the 21st century. Through this skill, a person can solve problems systematically to reach rational and logical conclusions. Critical thinking skills can be improved by using appropriate media and learning mo …

Virtual Labs Uses in Vocational High School: A Bibliometric Analysis

Conference paper
The utilization of virtual laboratories is an effort in the era of digital technological advances to achieve maximum learning objectives. Vocational High School (VHS) aims to produce productive age human resources who are ready to work. In addition, vocational schools emphasize aspects of softskills the needs of industry 4.0 and social development 5.0 including 4C skills (communication, collaboration, critical thinking, creative). The purpose of this bibliometric analysis is to present information on the utilization of virtual laboratories in the vocational sector. Articles were searched through the Scopus, Dimensions, ERIC, Taylor & Francis and Springer databases. 326 suitable articles were collected from 2021-2024 and 132 articles were further analyzed. We used VOSviewer software to classify and visualize co-occurrence and citations. The information presented in this review can be used as a starting point for future research on the topic of vocational education virtual laboratories. © 2024 IEEE.
The utilization of virtual laboratories is an effort in the era of digital technological advances to achieve maximum learning objectives. Vocational High School (VHS) aims to produce productive age human resources who are ready to work. In addition, vocational s …

STEM Education and Mathematics Performance Among Orang Asli Primary School Students in Johor, Malaysia: Challenges and Recommendations

Conference paper
This research paper addresses the complexity of improving STEM education and mathematics achievement of indigenous students, better known as Orang Asli, in primary schools in Johor, Malaysia. The study highlights the educational disparities of the Orang Asli community and emphasizes the need for culturally tailored and linguistically supportive interventions. The study uses a mixed-methods approach to analyze academic achievement data. Significant challenges that hinder Orang Asli students' abilities in Mathematics and STEM subjects are identified. The discussions show that strategies such as incorporating ethnomathematics - linking cultural knowledge to mathematical concepts, and code-switching in the classroom can effectively bridge the gap between students' cultural backgrounds and the academic curriculum. These recommendations are in line with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, which aim to ensure inclusive and equitable quality education for all. The article concludes with actionable policy suggestions that advocate for the integration of culturally sensitive teaching methods to improve the academic performance of Orang Asli students. The importance of community engagement and longitudinal studies in evaluating the effectiveness of such interventions is emphasized. The findings presented are intended to effect change in educational practices and create an inclusive learning environment for Orang Asli children and by extension, other indigenous populations worldwide - contributing to the overarching goal of educational equity. This study is in line with the aspirations of the Malaysian Education Plan and contributes to two Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): SDG4 (Quality Education) and SDG10 (Reduce Inequalities). © 2024 IEEE.
This research paper addresses the complexity of improving STEM education and mathematics achievement of indigenous students, better known as Orang Asli, in primary schools in Johor, Malaysia. The study highlights the educational disparities of the Orang Asli community and emphasizes the need for cul …