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Objective: To determine if selecting rural background students into the Monash Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) program affects vocational training location and intended practice location after training. Design: Retrospective cohort mail survey. Setting: Australia. Participants: Rural-background students at Monash 1992-1994 (n = 24/40) and 1995-1999 (n = 59/120) and urban background students (n = 36/93 and 104/300, respectively). Overall study population: 62% female, average age of 28 years; 79% Australian-born; and 60% married/partnered.Interventions: Rural or urban background, rural undergraduate exposure. Main outcome measures: Intent towards rural medical practice, vocational training location and subsequent practice location. Results: There was a positive and significant (P ≤ 0.05) association between rural background and rural practice intent when respondents began (10-times higher than urban graduates) and completed (three times higher) their MBBS course. Rural practice intent increased fourfold in urban background graduates. There was a positive and significant association between rural background and preferred place of practice in 5-10 years in a Rural, Remote and Metropolitan Area (RRMA) 3-7 community (three times higher). There was a positive, but non-significant association between rural background and RRMA 3-7 community as their current location and first place of practice once vocationally qualified.Conclusions: Interest in rural practice is not fully reflected in location during or after vocational training. The beneficial effects of rural undergraduate exposure might be lost if internship and vocational training programs provide insufficient rural clinical experiences and curriculum content. Continuation of the rural pathway might be needed to maintain rural practice intent. © 2010 The Authors. Australian Journal of Rural Health © National Rural Health Alliance Inc.

Engineering has the comprehensiveinverted commas creative and practical essences, which combine technology with non-technology, science with non-science to be an organic whole. Consequently, it represents the integration of multi-subjects and multi-knowledge. Engineering courses are not just involved in a wide range of academic programs, but also have obvious cross-coupled features and prompt development. As a result, society requires more of the students in this major, in other words, we must attach great importance to the improvement of overall quality that we need to educate challenged talents with broad knowledge, innovative ideology, pluralistic ability to adapt to an era of knowledge economy. From the reality of vocational and technical institutions, this essay mainly explores the courses construction and optimization on its significances, effects, principles and matters we should concern to advance the quality of personnel education. ©2010 IEEE.

Since 1998, the Flanders' educational government in Belgium has been urging teacher education institutions by decree to implement competences in teacher training programs. Since then, years have gone by, and institutions have acted in order to achieve the competence-based goals. However, have they succeeded in implementing them? This is the research question that is central to the current study. An online survey inquiry was set up in eight elementary teacher education institutions using two questionnaires; one for final year elementary institution pre-service teachers, who were about to graduate at the time of completing the questionnaire (N = 218), the other for teacher trainers throughout the elementary teacher training program (N = 51). Ten years after the decree was issued, results show that competence-based education has become a reality in terms of its implementation. However, the process has not yet come to an end. Whereas some competences are clearly present in the institutions' policies and practices (e.g. teacher as guide to learning and development, teacher as subject expert), others are poorly represented (e.g. teacher as partner of parents, external parties and as a member of the educational community). Moreover, teacher trainers tend to take four different approaches to the implementation of competences (1) during internship, (2) through the institution's policy and program planning, (3) by means of their integration in both theoretical and practical components of the curriculum and finally, (4) a lack of implementation because the competences are considered insufficiently applicable by the teacher trainers. In particular, more experienced and subject expert teacher trainers tend to adopt the final approach more often than do younger colleagues and pedagogues. Student teachers' results, on the other hand, suggest important differences between institutions concerning their understanding of competences and the integration of these competences in the curriculum; suggesting different paces of adaptation between teacher education institutions. Moreover, even within schools, the trajectory towards implementation is not always clear for all members of the teaching team, nor for the students of most teacher education institutions. Consequently, there is still important work to be done in order for successful competence-based change to occur. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.

The doctorate in educational administration is a relatively new degree at many small colleges, including some historically Black universities and colleges. The advent of such a program has allowed for innovations in higher education for the predominantly minority populations who attend these universities; furthermore, using problem-based learning as a pedagogical approach for the yearlong administrative internship has proven to be a sound method for this clientele. The elements and characteristics of problem-based learning provide the context that suited candidates in the program of focus here. These candidates had established the practice of working together in the classroom such that it was a natural progression to the field internship as a problem-solving activity that gave them autonomy and control, as well as the chance to practice the collaborative skills garnered during the classroom activities with fellow students. This article presents examples of three case studies drawn from projects identified by practicing administrators who served as mentors for students. © The Author(s) 2010.

Not having clear pathways, or the social means and personal capacities to make a productive transition from schooling, can inhibit young people's participation in social and economic life thereafter. This paper advances an analysis of how policy documents associated with senior schooling from across Australian states address the needs of students who are most at risk of not securing productive transitions. The review identifies that many of the goals emphasised the autonomy of students in taking control of their own transitions. However, such individualistic views downplay the importance of the mediating role that access to cultural, social and economic capital is likely to play in the negotiations involved in making a productive transition. Thus, the needs of 'at-risk' students who may have limited access to the forms of capital offering the best support for these negotiations are not well acknowledged in the policies. © 2010 Taylor & Francis.

The purpose of this study is to determine the opinions of the students regarding industrial internship throughout their university education. The study has been devised as a survey. Sampling has been done among randomly chosen 254 students studying in the machine drawing and construction program at the Faculty of Technical Education (FTE) of five universities. The data collected via questionnaires have been fed into the computer and have been analyzed using a software program called SPSS 15.0 for windows. In the study, to determine the level of discrepancy regarding the opinions of the students according to their gender and whether they have received a job offer from the employer at the end of their internship period, independent groups T-test analysis has been used. Moreover, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) has been used to determine whether there are any significant discrepancies among the satisfaction levels of the students according to the universities they are attending. The findings obtained in the study have revealed that the opinions of the students regarding their industrial internship do not show significant discrepancies according to their genders. However, it can be noted that there is a linear correspondence between the students' satisfaction levels of their internships and job offers. © 2010 Academic Journals.

This paper reviews the reasons behind the absence of central Government funding for enterprise and innovation at Further Education Colleges (FECs). Enterprise and innovation are, according to conventional wisdom, crucial in rebuilding the UK's economy and providing jobs. In pursuit of this, the Government has provided central funding for enterprise promotion and education for both Universities and Secondary Schools, but not for FECs. The review starts by looking at recent Government policy papers on enterprise and innovation, then briefly considers the current economic characteristics that lay behind the need for enterprise education and innovation. The efficacy of the current proposals is questioned, looking at the concepts concerning the type and level of intelligence entrepreneurs need, also touching on what types of innovations can be expected to increase employment. The paper concludes by asking if elitist or class bias plays a part in the exclusion of Vocational Education & Training students at FECs from central funding for innovation and enterprise. © 2010 Further Education Research Association.

Purpose: This paper seeks to challenge the view that student part time employment detracts from academic attainment and presents evidence that when linked to formal undergraduate study provides rich learning experiences. It also explores the extent to which formerly accepted pre-requisites for work based learning (WBL) apply in this model and how the workplace adds value to student learning, while essentially being a source of income through low level and not necessarily degree related employment. Design/methodology/approach: The authors explore the literature on WBL, most of which refers to a model that differs in form to the one described here. The paper draws on small-scale research data on the student experience, gathered through tutorial groups, sample interviews and a reflective essay. This data was analysed against both pre-determined and emergent themes. Findings: There is clear evidence of benefits to students from this form of WBL, both in their studies and learning skills, which were anticipated, but also in their performance, job satisfaction, reward and prospects in the workplace, which were not. Practical implications: This study suggests that student part time employment, derived from economic necessity can deliver real benefits to students and reduce some of the limitations of classroom based HRD learning by using a Virtual Learning Environment to link the University's academic delivery with the student workplace. This has implications not only for how academics regard the workplace as a vehicle for learning but also for how HRD students and practitioners might view the training and development of part-time/casual (student) employees. Originality/value: There is very little published research on this form of work based learning. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.

Project-based learning (PBL) is a learning approach that organizes students' learning activities around projects. This approach gives students the opportunity for detailed investigations on worthy topics and enables them to learn from the experiences and apply gained knowledge, skills and attitudes to real cases in their lives. This paper describes a web based system designed and developed to support project-based learning activities in "Web Design and Programming" course given at Information Technologies program of vocational high schools. The system aims to enable students to learn web site designing and programming by creating a web site with advanced tools. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The main purpose of vocational and technical education is to make the individuals gain; knowledge, ability, and practice sufficiency which are needed for particular occupation. On the other hand the main function is to make the individual provide financial income and with this be useful to society at social and economic ways. Vocational and technical education has great affection power at development of country's economy with human labor qualities. For this reason, in the developed countries vocational and technical education has special importance. In the developed countries; for more strong economy and more rapid social development, more qualified work labor is need to be provided. With this purpose, an effort is made to develop vocational and technical education. In Turkey, vocational schools are one of the most important education institutions at raising qualified human power. It is aimed the vocational school students to have more theoretical knowledge than technical man, and more practice ability than engineers by graduating with technician title. The cooperation between university and industry has importance at vocational school graduates having these abilities. In the education programs; students must continue a part of their education at industrial companies for 30 working days duration. This process is named as internship and it is necessary for the students to graduate. students can find various abilities during the period where they were at the companies. In this study; it is aimed to analyze the expectations from internship education, and the gained knowledge and abilities of Marmara University Vocational School of Technical Sciences students. According to this, an answer is searched to the question "What kind of knowledge and abilities do the vocational school students gain during the internship period?" The universe of this study is the students studying at Marmara University Vocational School of Technical Sciences programs. It is goaled to discuss the education partnership between vocational school and industry according to the knowledge and abilities the students gained during the internship period. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.