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Implementation of a competency-based approach in teaching astrophysics and astronomy

Conference paper Open Access
The article considers implementing a competency-based approach in teaching astronomy and astrophysics in general and specialised educational institutions. competency-based learning facilitates not only knowledge acquisition but also the development of key skills, including critical thinking, research and digital competencies, analytical abilities, communication skills, and teamwork. Special attention is given to the use of interactive technologies, particularly virtual laboratories, simulations, and digital tools, which enable students to observe and analyse astronomical phenomena even remotely. Programmes such as Stellarium, Universe Sandbox 2, and others open up opportunities for a deeper understanding of complex astronomical processes and contribute to the formation of students' scientific worldviews. The article also examines methods of organising laboratory work and research projects aimed at modelling cosmic phenomena, analysing the physical characteristics of stars, and calculating planetary orbits. The use of modern technologies in teaching allows for high-quality material assimilation, increased student motivation, and the integration of interdisciplinary knowledge. The research results confirm the effectiveness of the competency-based approach, which ensures the development of necessary skills for successful student adaptation to modern technological society and their preparation for further scientific or professional activities. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.
The article considers implementing a competency-based approach in teaching astronomy and astrophysics in general and specialised educational institutions. competency-based learning facilitates not only knowledge acquisition but also the development of key skills, including critical thinking, researc …

Curriculum-Level Innovation in History education: Developing a Technology-Integrated and Contextually Adaptive Model for Senior High Schools in Indonesia

Article Open Access
This study aimed to develop and evaluate a digital-based history curriculum tailored for Indonesian senior high schools, addressing the pedagogical gap between traditional history instruction and 21st-century learning demands. Employing a Research and Development (R&D) methodology guided by the ADDIE model, the research involved five curriculum and pedagogy experts, ten history teachers, and over 200 students from six public high schools with varying levels of technological infrastructure. The study encompassed a comprehensive needs analysis, expert and teacher validation, guided classroom implementation, and multi-source impact evaluation using interviews, observations, formative assessments, and digital questionnaires. The curriculum was validated with high scores by experts (mean = 4.80) and teachers (mean = 4.60), highlighting its structural coherence, relevance, and ease of implementation. Classroom trials across schools demonstrated consistent effectiveness (mean = 4.60), with no significant variance found through ANOVA analysis (p > 0.05). Qualitative results indicated increased student engagement, deeper historical understanding, and development of contextual thinking. The study offers a novel approach to system-level curriculum design where digital media is the backbone of instructional planning. This model contributes to global discourse by presenting a scalable, equitable, and pedagogically resilient solution for integrating digital history education in diverse and resource-limited settings. © Copyright (c) 2025 Zulkarnain Zulkarnain, Salamah Salamah, Fahruddin Fahruddin, Darsono Darsono. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
This study aimed to develop and evaluate a digital-based history curriculum tailored for Indonesian senior high schools, addressing the pedagogical gap between traditional history instruction and 21st-century learning demands. Employing a Research and Development (R&D) methodology guided by the ADDI …

The impact of access to apprenticeship on dropout and early labour market outcomes

Article Open Access
Using full population Norwegian register data, we investigate how the outcomes of vocational school students are impacted by the accessibility of apprenticeships, a characteristic of dual vocational systems that is sparsely researched. Our data contains information on vocational students’ applications for apprenticeships within specializations, as well as the number of contracts actually signed. Thus, we can construct access rates (contracts signed/applications) that vary across specialization, county and year for four birth cohorts of vocational school students (1993 – 1996). We also control for a rich set of variables, including GPA from lower secondary school and several student and parent characteristics. The outcomes considered are dropout from upper secondary school, employment, and NEE (not being in post-secondary school nor employment) at age 23. The results show that access to apprenticeship has a strong effect on the dropout risk for students at age 21: at the average dropout risk, increasing the access rate by 10 percentage points decreases the dropout risk by 10 %. The results also suggest that employment and NEE are favourably affected, but to a lesser extent. A heterogeneity analysis revealed modest gender differences. However, students with an immigrant background from Africa and Asia, who exhibit the highest dropout risk, had less effects of the access rate for apprenticeships than students with a non-immigrant background. © 2025 The Author(s).
Using full population Norwegian register data, we investigate how the outcomes of vocational school students are impacted by the accessibility of apprenticeships, a characteristic of dual vocational systems that is sparsely researched. Our data contains information on vocational students’ applicatio …

What Makes a Difference for Graduates’ Success: Exploring Program Type, Duration, and Socioeconomic Status for Policy Reforms in Higher education

Article
Studies have examined the reforms in program duration, and socioeconomic status (SES) to proffer possible solutions to alleviate the impact of SES on graduates’ success. However, the impact of SES persists and is aggravated by inequalities and an inflexible TVET (Technical and Vocational education and Training) pathway to university. This study explored whether a reform in program type and duration may contribute to the SES discrimination of TVET graduates. The sample population comprised 660 graduates from Sichuan Province, China. Secondary data was analyzed via a cross-sectional survey using group regression. The findings showed that the effects of SES on graduates’ success are moderated by program duration (β = −0.383, p < .01), and that the moderating effect of program duration on graduates’ success remains consistent across the three program types: digital-paradigm discipline (β = −0.251, p < .05), low-paradigm discipline (β = −0.889, p < .001), and high-paradigm discipline (β = −0.385, p < .05). Additionally, the nature of the program strongly moderates the success of graduates in digital-paradigm (β = −0.007, p < .05) and low-paradigm (β = −0.003, p < .05) disciplines. This article enriches the discourse on TVET education by suggesting equal education from basic to tertiary education so that the SES effect on education is addressed. The paper argued that educational reforms should prevent SES discrimination and ensure better success for TVET graduates. © The Author(s) 2025
Studies have examined the reforms in program duration, and socioeconomic status (SES) to proffer possible solutions to alleviate the impact of SES on graduates’ success. However, the impact of SES persists and is aggravated by inequalities and an inflexible TVET (Technical and Vocational

Information System for Integrated education and Employment of Students of Higher education Institutions

Conference paper
An information system that facilitates the search for first jobs and internships by students of higher education institutions has been developed in the form of a web application. The corresponding platform, among other things, ensures interaction between students, employers, internship supervisors from the educational institution and a person authorised to sign on behalf of the higher education institution. The paper describes the architecture of the system, its functionality, and analyses of similar platforms. Particular attention is paid to the issue of automating the process of selecting a practice base. The development is an example of the introduction of information technology into the educational process and can be adapted for other educational institutions. © 2025 IEEE.
An information system that facilitates the search for first jobs and internships by students of higher education institutions has been developed in the form of a web application. The corresponding platform, among other things, ensures interaction between student …

Will the Competency-Based Approach to education Be Preserved in the Context of Changes in the Organization of Higher education in Russia?; Сохранится ли компетентностный подход к обучению в условиях изменений в организации высшего образования в России?

Article Open Access
In connection with Russia’s withdrawal from the Bologna Process, approaches to the organization of domestic higher education are being revised. But this mainly concerns the issue of level-based education. At the same time, Russia’s entry into the Bologna Process has led to changes not only in the levels of higher education, but also in some of its other aspects. One of these aspects is the competency-based approach to learning. This article examines the question of whether it is subject to revision in connection with a possible future reorganization of higher education in Russia. To answer this question, the authors assess the current state of the competency-based approach to learning in higher education in Russia. This assessment is determined on the basis of a study of the current level of interpretation of the essence of the competency-based approach and related concepts in scientific and regulatory literature, the degree of development of competency systems used in Russian universities, the current state of the criteria used to assess the formation of competencies, as well as the perception of the competency-based approach by students and university teachers. As a result of the conducted research, both positive and problematic aspects of the application of the competence-based approach to training in higher education in Russia at the current stage of its development are identified and systematized. The article substantiates and brings up for discussion three possible scenarios for the future use of the competence-based approach in the process of further development of higher education in Russia. The opinion on the most appropriate and probable of these scenarios is argued. Recommendations for the implementation of this scenario are substantiated. This article may be of interest to the organization of higher education in universities, as well as to developers of higher education standards. © Дружиловская Т.Ю., Дружиловская Э.С., 2025. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
In connection with Russia’s withdrawal from the Bologna Process, approaches to the organization of domestic higher education are being revised. But this mainly concerns the issue of level-based education. At the same time, R …

From shop floors to breakthroughs: Is vocational education good for innovation?

Conference paper
The fundamental impact of human capital on innovative performance is a consensual finding in the innovation literature. Universities play a pivotal role in fuelling innovation across various industries, providing students with essential knowledge and skills to generate new products, processes, and business models. However, while the crucial role of the university is undeniable, it should be remembered that human capital formation is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon, influenced not only by factors such as institutional context and culture but also by the prevailing secondary education system. Since 1999, the Bologna Process has resulted in numerous reforms aimed at ensuring comparability among standard and quality of higher education qualifications in Europe. However, secondary school education systems vary significantly among countries. One of the most striking differences is the relevance attributed to vocational training programmes. Vocational training is essential for preparing students for specific careers and industries and focuses on the development of practical skills and knowledge that are directly applicable in the workplace. This paper analyses the impact of secondary school education on innovation performance in European regions. The rationale is that, despite a widely held belief that innovation requires workers with an academic education, vocational education and training is a major driver of innovation performance. We employ Eurostat data for the last two programming periods to and determine the extent to which secondary school systems and European Commission policy, specifically the European Social Fund Educational and Vocational Training theme, can contribute to innovation performance in European regions. © 2025 International Conference on Higher education Advances. All rights reserved.
The fundamental impact of human capital on innovative performance is a consensual finding in the innovation literature. Universities play a pivotal role in fuelling innovation across various industries, providing students with essential knowledge and skills to generate new products, processes, and b …

Understanding apprenticeships in their cultural context: evidence from parliamentary speeches in Germany and the United Kingdom between 1946 and 2019

Note
Vocational education and training (VET) institutions are tightly embedded into countries’ political economies and sociocultural context. The theoretical focus on influential factors excludes crucial aspects of the multilayered institution, while historical, sociological, and youth transition literature strongly hint at cultural components. To add to the understanding of apprenticeship in its cultural context, I take a data-driven approach, comparing parliamentary debates in the German Bundestag with the House of Commons in the UK from 1946 to 2019. Utilising quantitative text analysis, such as Structural Topic Models, I explore debates concerning apprenticeships and VET since World War II. I focus on the long-term manifestation of related topics and provide evidence on the persistent influence of historical themes to this day, as well as new trends and emerging associations. My findings contribute to the understanding of VET systems within country-specific structures of political debates and discourse. The framework shifts the focus from the development of apprenticeships as institutions to the development of image and narrative surrounding this institution and associated policy decisions. Themes in parliamentary debates reflect social development, while revealing underlying concepts associated with various aspects of social policy, associations with military and youth, which differ considerably over time and between countries. © 2025 The Vocational Aspect of education Ltd.
Vocational education and training (VET) institutions are tightly embedded into countries’ political economies and sociocultural context. The theoretical focus on influential factors excludes crucial aspects of the multilayered institution, while historical, soci …

Career paths and university education: factors that determine the employment status of university graduates

Article Open Access
Employment outcomes are more strongly associated with specific career paths than with academic performance. Despite expanding university access, significant gaps persist between the training received and labor market conditions. The objective was to identify and analyze the factors that influence the employment situation of university graduates. A quantitative explanatory approach was used, with a sample of 3,009 graduates. A structured survey was administered, and the data were analyzed using Logistic regression, Lasso regression, and Random Forest models. The results show that the variables with the greatest predictive power are the type of contract, time spent working, and income level. In contrast, academic variables such as GPA and theoretical or practical training showed little relevance. In comparison, employability is more associated with specific career paths than academic merits. The study reveals important findings for universities to strengthen applied training, encourage early entry into the workforce, and develop monitoring systems that allow them to adapt their educational offerings to the real demands of the professional environment. Understanding the factors that influence graduate employability is crucial to enhancing the significance of education and improving professional opportunities. © © 2025 Portocarrero Ramos, Campos Trigoso, Cruz Caro, Reina Marín, Maicelo Guevara, Sánchez Bardales and Chávez Santos.
Employment outcomes are more strongly associated with specific career paths than with academic performance. Despite expanding university access, significant gaps persist between the training received and labor market conditions. The objective was to identify and analyze the factors that influence th …

Empowering Students for Economic Self-Sufficiency: Insights into Entrepreneurial education

Book chapter
As graduating students transition into the professional world, they often find that their college education did not teach them the skills businesses demand. This disconnect between the skills learned during college and the skills needed to succeed within the workforce has led to increasing levels of unemployment and underemployment. Implementing entrepreneurial education in colleges could resolve many of the skill deficiencies both at the undergraduate and graduate levels. By training students entrepreneurial skills, colleges empower these students to think beyond conventional boundaries and develop productive economic activities. This paper reviews the positive impacts of entrepreneurial education in shaping the next generation of workers while also delving into theoretical frameworks, such as human capital and social cognitive theories, to understand the reasoning behind the success of entrepreneurial education. This research further addresses the steps and requirements for a successful implementation, the role of technology in the implementation process, and possible challenges faced which might impede on effective implementation. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.
As graduating students transition into the professional world, they often find that their college education did not teach them the skills businesses demand. This disconnect between the skills learned during college and the skills needed to succeed within the wor …